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Surveying Sandwich Generation Women 2006

For Immediate Release
November 14, 2006

SURVEY SHOWS WOMEN”SANDWICHED” BETWEEN NEEDS OF THEIR AGING PARENTS AND THEIR CHILDREN ARE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DEPRESSED THAN OTHER AMERICANS

Social workers with expertise in working with older Americans are prepared to provide care coordination to ease this double burden, but this resource remains untapped

WASHINGTON, DC – A recent survey shows that nearly half of women concerned about an aging relative's health said they are impacted by feelings of depression, while only 36% of women for whom an aging relative’s health care is not a concern indicated feelings of depression.  “Squeezed Between Children and Older Parents: A Survey of Sandwich Generation Women” is a national poll conducted by the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) and the New York Academy of Medicine (NYAM) among women ages 35 to 54. This group is often referred to as the “Sandwich Generation” because they are caring for both their own children and their aging relatives.

“Caring for my own mother was difficult. It was very hard at times to prioritize the needs of my mother and my son. Juggling those responsibilities is overwhelming and very stressful. I had times when I would cry or I couldn’t eat, and I became depressed about the situation.” Says Joanne Lehman, a single parent of a 16-year-old who is also caring for her 95-year-old mother, “Hiring a social worker to assist with my mother's care helped ease what was a tremendous burden.”

The survey further shows that only two in ten Sandwich Generation Women utilize social workers as a resource. Pat Volland, senior vice president of NYAM and director of Social Work Leadership Institute, adds, “Social workers can help these women identify community resources, navigate through Medicaid and Medicare, offer counseling and assist in coordinating a parent’s care. For example, many older Americans have issues with mobility, and a social worker can help with that. According to our survey, it's not only Alzheimer’s and cancer that older Americans need help with; it’s the little things like keeping track of medications and getting around town.”

The survey data further demonstrates the pressures that many Sandwich Generation women face:

- Women concerned about an aging relative’s health were about three times more likely (34%) to say they worry “a great deal” about having enough time for family than those women who don’t have an aging relative they’re currently concerned about (12%).

- Only 20% of sandwich generation women say they are very happy, while a third of the general population says they are very happy.[1]

- More than 60% of women concerned about an aging relative’s health said they have difficulty managing stress compared to 48% of women for whom an aging relative’s health care was not a concern.

“With the multiple challenges and demands facing women today, especially those in caregiving roles, it is not surprising to see that they are feeling stressed,” said NASW executive director Dr. Elizabeth Clark. “Caring for an aging parent is a tough job that can take an emotional, financial and even physical toll on the caregiver, leading to illness or depression.”

NASW and NYAM/SWLI stress that women must take care of their own mental health even as they care for others. Taking time out, asking for professional help from social workers and keeping your sense of humor are all important tips for Sandwich Generation women. For more information and tips about caregiving, or to find a social worker visit www.HelpStartsHere.org.

About the National Association of Social Workers

The National Association of Social Workers (NASW), in Washington, DC, is the largest membership organization of professional social workers with approximately 150,000 members. It promotes, develops, and protects the practice of social work and social workers. NASW also seeks to enhance the well being of individuals, families, and communities through its advocacy.

About the New York Academy of Medicine

Founded in 1847, The New York Academy of Medicine is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit institution whose mission is to enhance the health of the public. The Academy is a leading center for urban health policy and action working to enhance the health of people living in cities worldwide through research, education, advocacy, and prevention. Visit us online at www.nyam.org.

Methodology

The Pursuant, Inc. poll of 1,123 respondents (margin of error +/- 3%, and larger for subsamples) was fielded August 22-27, 2006 by Knowledge Networks, using its nationwide panel, which is randomly selected via random-digit dialing (RDD) from the entire adult population and subsequently provided Internet access. For more information about this methodology, go to www.knowledgenetworks.com/ganp. Survey participants were comprised of women between the ages of 35 and 54 who have at least one parent still living, whom we deem “sandwich generation women.”   This study was sponsored by the National Association of Social Workers and the New York Academy of Medicine.


[1] Source: “Are We Happy Yet?” by the Pew Research Center downloaded from http://pewresearch.org/assets/social/pdf/AreWeHappyYet.pdf 29 August 2006. The results are based on a national U.S. survey of telephone interviews, which asked essentially the same question, conducted with a nationally representative sample of 3,014 adults, with a margin of error of +/- 2%, and higher for results based on subgroups of respondents.

Family Safety Real Life Stories – From Homelessness to Independent Living

The single, middle-aged woman had moved from a shelter into a Section 8 apartment. She had one bed and one folding chair.

Last Saturday a truck and two station wagons with two men and four women arrived at the apartment and began to unload a bureau, a couch, two end tables, a kitchen table with four chairs, bedding, dishes, pots, pans and cutlery.

“Within 15 minutes the place was transformed,” according to Diane Mack of Bloomfield, one of the founders of A Hand Up, Inc., “and we were all transformed, too, by the woman’s joy and by knowing that A Hand Up had truly given a hand up. We realized that what had happened in her life – multiple losses of family members and other sorrows – could happen to anyone of us. The woman had applied for Section 8 housing after a stay at the Institute of Living, had battled alcohol, had found a job, finally gotten an apartment and through the Community Renewal Team (CRT) we were notified of the situation.”

How Did A Hand Up Begin?

Robin Gilmartin, a clinical social worker at the VA and also of Bloomfield, begins the story. “We were sitting around our kitchen table,” she says, “about a year and a half ago – Diane, who works for Mass Mutual, Rosemary Cleaves, a retired social worker, Jane Arnold and I. We were four women and a dog, “Jack,” our part border collie, part lab.

“We had been getting together once a month, trying to come up with a project which would make a difference. We thought of starting a special kind of thrift shop. Then one of us suggested cooky baking or marketing Rosemary’s low-carb, high protein pasta. None of those ideas seemed the answer.

“We knew that we could not try to provide housing or food or employment for people who had been homeless – other agencies do that – but then we realized there was a gap – and that gap is, as our brochure states, ‘to help people transition from homelessness to independent living.’ We wanted to distribute donated goods to help people in need establish new homes.”

And so they began, slowly at first, collecting in Diane’s and Robin’s Bloomfield garage whatever surplus household items – beds and blankets, dishes and dressers – that friends and neighbors donated. Another colleague, Christine Pina of West Hartford, was added to their steering committee, now totaling five women.

Rosemary, the group’s president, remembers that their first deliveries were made last September. “So far,” she says, “we have delivered goods to Bloomfield, East Hartford, Hartford, Windsor, West Hartford and New Britain. We work closely with CRT, and their social workers inform us of what each client needs. And it’s important to know that our efforts are ‘one time only’ – in other words, we can only supply a client once.”

“Adopt a List” is one of the schemes A Hand Up uses to engage volunteers. Here’s how it works: CRT provides a list of needs to A Hand Up, describing what one formerly homeless person, now moving into housing, requires to set up housekeeping. The list is given to one of our volunteers who then “adopts” the list, collecting from friends and neighbors and family the items A Hand Up will deliver.

“Horton,” a truck donated to A Hand Up, stands in the Bloomfield driveway, ready to make deliveries when CRT provides the address where the household items are to be taken. Other volunteers help load, drive and unload. Recently, for instance, supplies were unloaded at the apartment of a longtime homeless man, age 71, who has overcome a drug habit and was able to secure some of the needed items himself for his new living quarters. A Hand Up supplied kitchen chairs and a table as well as cutlery and towels.

“We take almost anything in good condition,” according to Rosemary, “except pillows – those have to be new.”

Statistics in A Hand Up’s brochure describe the need in the Greater Hartford area. For instance: 

  • Nearly 1,500 people are homeless each night in spite of the fact that 64 percent have some kind of income 
  • Of those homeless people, 40 percent are white; 30 percent are African-American; 30 percent are Hispanic; 10 percent are children; and one-third are female, two-thirds male. 
  • The average age is 37 years.

A Hand Up also has its own needs: more volunteers to help collect and deliver household goods, more home furnishings and a volunteer grant writer/fund raiser. Financial contributions are sought to supplement expenses currently being met by the new agency’s founders.

So remember that sturdy couch you no longer need? Or that set of Aunt Milly’s dishes that never come out of the cupboard? Or those pots and pans taking up shelf space? And are you looking to help a worthy cause?

To learn more about A Hand Up, go to: www.ahandupinc.org or email:

AHandUp2005@sbcglobal.net.

To receive a brochure about the organization or to make a contribution write to:

A Hand Up, Inc.
P.O. Box 270323
West Hartford, CT 06127.

Reprinted with permission of the Bloomfield Journal

Adoption and Foster Care Current Trends

Adoption Statistics and Trends
Adoption Options
Financial Resoures for Adoptive Families
Post-Adoption Assistance for Families
Foster Care Statistics and Trends
Children and Teens in Foster Care

Adoption Statistics and Trends

  • Since 1987, the number of adoptions annually in the United States has remained consistent from 118,000 to 127,000 children.

  • Adoption costs range from no cost to more than $40,000. Foster care adoptions are the least expensive, costing a maximum of $2,500. Independent adoptions tend to be the most expensive. Intercountry adoption fees range from $7,000 to $30,000, but additional fees may include travel, translation fees, and other expenses.

  • In a 2003 study, a majority (60%) of adoption agencies accepted applications from gay or lesbian couples and 40 percent had already placed children in GLBT homes.

  • Foster parents are strongly encouraged to adopt children in their care.

  • In the past, child welfare agencies did not consider placing children with relatives when the children were in foster care due to abuse or neglect. Today, more agencies are working with extended families on successful kinship adoptions.

Adoption Options

  • Kinship adoptions: when a grandparent, stepparent, or other relative adopts a child

  • Adoption from the foster care system

  • Adoption from the United States using a public agency, private agency, or an attorney

  • Open adoption, in which adoptive parents have information about or contact with birth parents before, during, or after placement (not legal in all states)

  • Adoption from another country through a licensed adoption organization

Financial Resources for Adoptive Parents

  • Federal adoption subsidies for eligible children (special needs)

  • State adoption subsidies for children from foster care

  • Federal and state tax credits

  • Employer benefits, such as paid or unpaid leave of absence, reimbursement for adoption expenses, assistance with adoption services
  • Adoption loans and grants for eligible parents

  • College tuition and scholarship programs for youth aging out of foster care

Post-Adoption Assistance for Families

  • Counseling and psychotherapy

  • Educational services

  • Support groups

Foster Care Statistics and Trends

  • More than 500,000 children live in foster care in the United States.

  • Foster care placements have increased dramatically in the past 10 years.

  • African American children make up two-thirds of the foster care population and stay in foster care longer than other children.

  • Children are placed temporarily in foster care due to parental problems, such as abuse, neglect, substance abuse, abandonment, and incarceration.

  • Most states encourage programs that provide birth parents with support so that their children can return home.

  • Child agencies attempt to place children with relatives. In 2001, 24 percent were living in relative homes and nearly 50 percent were living in foster family homes.

  • The average foster care stay is 32 months.

Children and Teens in Foster Care

  • The average age of children in foster care is 10.

  • More than 30 percent of children in foster care have severe emotional, behavioral, or developmental problems.

  • Nearly 20,000 youth age out of foster care at age 18 each year. Without support and community services, they are vulnerable to unemployment, homelessness, poverty, substance abuse, and incarceration.

  • In a study of former foster care children, only 54 percent earned a high school diploma, 84 percent became a parent from 12 to 18 months after leaving foster care, and 25 percent had been homeless.

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Depression Current Trends – Eight Percent of Adults Experienced a Major Depression in the Past Year

Introduction

An estimated 17 million adults ages 18 and older (8.0 percent) reported having experienced at least one major depressive episode during the past year, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) reported today. Around two thirds of them reported receiving treatment for that depression in the past year, according to the new report, "Depression among Adults".

SAMHSA extracted the data from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which for the first time asked adults in the survey ages 18 and older questions reflecting the criteria for major depressive episodes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). That manual, by the American Psychiatric Association, specifies that a major depressive episode is two weeks or longer during which there is either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure and at least four other symptoms that reflect a change of functioning, such as problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration or self-image.

During the 12 months prior to the interview, 65.1 percent of adults who had experienced a major depressive episode in the past year reported seeing or talking to a medical doctor or other health professional, or taking prescription medications for depression. This is the first time that questions about depression were asked in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

"The good news is almost two thirds of people with depression are seeking help," SAMHSA Administrator Charles Curie said. "Clearly, we are making progress in overcoming the stigma that has prevented people from seeking help. Mental illness is not a scandal. It is an illness. It is a treatable illness. And most important, we need to send the message that with help there is hope, and recovery is the expectation."

Past month illicit drug use was nearly twice as high among adults who had experienced a major depressive episode (14.2 percent) compared with adults who had not experienced such an episode (7.3 percent), and cigarette use was much more likely. The data show 39.7 percent of adults who suffered a major depressive episode in the past year smoked cigarettes during the past month compared to 25.9 percent of adults 18 and older who did not have a major depressive episode.

Women were almost twice as likely as men to report a major depressive episode in the past year (10.3 percent versus 5.6 percent) and women who experienced a major depressive episode were more likely to receive treatment for depression (70.1 percent) than their male counterparts (55.2 percent). Major depressive episodes are more prevalent among adults ages 18-49, approximately 9-10 percent, than among adults ages 65 or older (1.3 percent).

SAMHSA defines illicit drugs as marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin or non medical use of prescription drugs. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health surveys close to 70,000 people ages 12 and older in their homes each year.

The report and the complete survey are available on the web at http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k5/depression/depression.cfm.

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About Suicide Prevention

Introduction
Seeking a Sign
What Can You Do?
Help!  What If the Threat Is Immediate?
Suicide Statistics

Introduction

A friend one day confides that she’s considering “ending it all.”  That her life has become so terribly unbearable, there is no reason to go on.

After the initial shock, your first reaction may be to shrug off the suicide threat and assure the friend that her life really isn’t so bad after all.

Don’t.

Trying to convince someone that they have everything to live for may only increase their feelings of guilt and hopelessness. If someone tells you they are thinking about suicide, even casually or in jest, pay attention! No suicide threat should be dismissed or taken lightly.

Seeking a Sign

Rarely does someone commit suicide out of the blue.

They drop hints, speak outright of their desire and exhibit certain predictable behaviors. These may be:

  • a preoccupation with death;
  • a loss of interest in things they ordinarily cared about;
  • visiting or phoning loved ones;
  • making arrangements or setting one’s life in order;
  • giving away prized possessions;
  • comments about hopelessness, helplessness or worthlessness; and
  • daring or risk-taking behavior.
What Can You Do?

Be direct. As uncomfortable as it might be, talk openly and matter of factly to the person about suicide and be prepared to listen in a non-judgmental way. Pose direct questions, for example, does the person have a plan?

If possible, try not to act shocked, as this will only place distance between you and the person.

Above all, do not swear to secrecy.

This is a time when you need support. Trust your instincts that something is terribly wrong and that the person may be in deep trouble. Reassure them that help is available, depression is treatable and suicidal feelings are temporary. Urge them to contact a social worker or other mental health professional, a community mental health agency, a family doctor, a school psychologist or counselor.

The decision to commit suicide is quite often a desire to stop suffering. Never give up on someone just because he or she tells you he’s made up his or her mind.

Help! What If The Threat Is Immediate?

Phoning 911, or taking the person to a hospital emergency room is a valid option. So is calling a crisis intervention center or a suicide hotline (see below for key numbers and organizations).

If possible, remove or hide any potentially dangerous items, such as pills, firearms and other weapons, even belts and ropes.

  • 1- 800-784-2433, or SAVE (Suicide Awareness Voices of Education)
  • or 1-800-273-TALK (8255) (National Suicide Prevention Lifeline)
  • Or 1-800-SUICIDE  (784-2433) (The National Mental Health Association)
Suicide Statistics
  • More people die from suicide than from homicide in the U.S. every year.
  • Roughly 30,000 Americans commit suicide annually, while 500,000 attempt.
  • For young people ages 15 to 24, suicide is the third leading cause of death.
  • Men are far more likely to die from suicide than women. However, women are more likely to attempt suicide than men are.
  • Suicide rates are generally higher than the national average in the western states and lower in the eastern and midwestern states.
Useful links:

 

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About Depression

Introduction
Types of Depression
The Cause?
Statistics
Introduction

Most everyone gets a case of the blues from time to time; it’s all part of being human. But if you feel sad, anxious or empty, or experience feelings of hopelessness, guilt, or worthlessness that don’t go away for weeks at a stretch, you may be depressed.   Clearly, depression has a variety of symptoms, yet the most prevalent is a feeling of deep sadness.   Depression is a serious medical illness, not something you’ve made up in your head.

And if you are depressed, you are far from alone. In any given one-year period, 9.5 percent of the population, or about 18.8 million Americans suffer from some form of depression. Unfortunately, most people with a depressive illness do not seek treatment. Many are unaware that they can be successfully treated with a combination of therapies. Others may be ashamed or worry about the reaction of family, friends and co-workers.

Types of   Depression

Just as there are different forms of an illness like heart disease, so too are there are different types of depression. And even within these types, people experience a range of symptoms that can vary in severity and persistence.

Major depression, for example, involves a combination of symptoms that interfere with your ability to carry on with normal living. It’s hard to stay focused at work or school; you may not be able to sleep, your appetite may dwindle or increase, and you may no longer enjoy things that used to be pleasurable.

A milder type of depression called dysthymia involves long-term symptoms that don’t disable you, but subtly keep you from feeling well.

Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive illness, is yet another type of depression. Not nearly as prevalent as other types, bipolar is characterized by dramatic mood swings – severe highs and lows.

The Cause?

Some people become depressed because of deficiencies in brain chemicals. Others with low self-esteem who can easily become overwhelmed by stress or who tend to be pessimistic seem to be more vulnerable than others to depression. Likewise, depression tends to run in families.

Statistics
  • The majority of people with a depressive illness do NOT seek treatment, although most, even those who are severely depressed, can be helped.
  • Women express depression about twice as often as men. In many cases, hormonal changes are to blame, particularly tied in with a woman’s menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause.
  • Although men are less likely to suffer depression than women, 3 to 4 million men in the U.S. are impacted. Often, men’s depression is masked by alcohol or drugs or by working excessively.
  • Depression is not a normal part of aging, though most people assume so. Older people, however, are often reluctant to discuss their feelings of sadness, hopelessness or loss of interest in normally pleasurable activities.
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